
# Markdown syntax guide

## Headers

# This is a Heading h1

## This is a Heading h2

###### This is a Heading h6

## Emphasis

_This text will be italic_  
_This will also be italic_

**This text will be bold**  
**This will also be bold**

_You **can** combine them_

## Lists

### Unordered

- Item 1
- Item 2
- Item 3
- Item 4

### Ordered

1. Item 1
1. Item 2
1. Item 3
1. Item 4
1. Item 5

## Images

![This is an alt text.](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7654565?v=4 'This is a sample image.')

## Links

My [GitHub](https://github.com/declangao) page.

## Blocks of code

```js
const hello = () => {
  return 'Hello World!';
};

alert(hello());
```

## Blockquotes

> Markdown is a lightweight markup language with plain-text-formatting syntax, created in 2004 by John Gruber with Aaron Swartz.
>
> > Markdown is often used to format readme files, for writing messages in online discussion forums, and to create rich text using a plain text editor.

## Tables

| Align Left | Align Center | Align Right |
| :--------- | :----------: | ----------: |
| Cell 1     |    Cell 2    |      Cell 3 |
| Cell 4     |    Cell 5    |      Cell 6 |
| Cell 7     |    Cell 8    |      Cell 9 |


Markdown Cheatsheet


Next.js is an open-source web development framework created by the private company Vercel providing React-based web applications with server-side rendering and static website generation.

React documentation mentions Next.js among "Recommended Toolchains" advising it to developers when "building a server-rendered website with Node.js".[5] Where traditional React apps can only render their content in the client-side browser, Next.js extends this functionality to include applications rendered on the server-side.

The copyright and trademarks for Next.js are owned by Vercel,[6] which also maintains and leads its open-source development.[7]

### Background

Next.js is a React framework that enables several extra features, including server-side rendering and generating static websites.[8] React is a JavaScript library that is traditionally used to build web applications rendered in the client's browser with JavaScript.[9] Developers recognize several problems with this strategy however, such as not catering to users who do not have access to JavaScript or have disabled it, potential security issues, significantly extended page loading times, and harm to the site's overall search engine optimization.[9] Frameworks such as Next.js sidestep these problems by allowing some or all of the website to be rendered on the server-side before being sent to the client.[9][10] Next.js is one of the most popular frameworks for React.[11] It is one of several recommended "toolchains" available when starting a new app, all of which provide a layer of abstraction to aid in common tasks.[12] Next.js requires Node.js and can be initialized using Node Package Manager.

Google has contributed to the Next.js project, including 43 pull requests in 2019.[13] As of March 2022, the framework is used by many large websites, including Walmart, Apple, Nike, Netflix, TikTok, Uber, Lyft, and Starbucks.[9] In early 2020, Vercel secured twenty-one million dollars in Series A funding to support improvements to the software.[1] The framework's original author, Guillermo Rauch, is currently the CEO of Vercel, and the project's lead maintainer is Tim Neutkens.[14]

### Development history

Next.js was first released as an open-source project on GitHub on October 25, 2016.[3] It was originally developed based on six principles: out-of-the-box functionality requiring no setup, JavaScript everywhere, all functions are written in JavaScript, automatic code-splitting and server-rendering, configurable data-fetching, anticipating requests, and simplifying deployment.[15]

Next.js 2.0 was announced in March 2017 including several improvements that made it easier to work with small websites. It also increased the build efficiency and improved the scalability of the hot-module replacement feature.[16]

Version 7.0 was released in September 2018 with improved error handling and support for React's context API for improved dynamic route handling. This was also the first version to upgrade to Webpack 4.[17]

Version 8.0 was released in February 2019 and was the first version to offer serverless deployment of applications, in which the code is split up into lambda functions that are run on demand. The version also reduced the time and resources required for static exports and improved prefetch performance.[18]

Version 9.3, announced in March 2020, included various optimizations and global Sass and CSS module support.[19]

On July 27, 2020 Next.js version 9.5 was announced, adding new capabilities including incremental static regeneration, rewrites, and redirect support.[20]

On June 15, 2021 Next.js version 11 was released, introducing among others: Webpack 5 support, preview of real-time collaborative coding functionality "Next.js Live", and experimental function of automatic conversion from Create React App to Next.js compatible form "Create React App Migration".[21]

On October 26, 2021, Next.js 12 was released, adding a Rust compiler, making the compilation faster, AVIF support, Edge Functions & Middleware, and Native ESM & URL Imports.[22]

On October 26, 2022, Vercel released Next.js 13. This major release brought about a new routing pattern in beta, with the addition of the App Router that includes support for layouts, React Server Components, streaming, and a new set of data fetching methods. Furthermore, Vercel announced a new toolchain for front-end development called Turbo, including Turbopack as a successor to Webpack, Turborepo for incremental build systems.[23]

In May 2023, Vercel released Next.js 13.4. This brought with it the stable version of App Router, which allows developers to use it in production.[24]


Next.JS


React (also known as React.js or ReactJS) is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript library[3][4] for building user interfaces based on components. It is maintained by Meta (formerly Facebook) and a community of individual developers and companies.[5][6][7]

React can be used to develop single-page, mobile, or server-rendered applications with frameworks like Next.js. Because React is only concerned with the user interface and rendering components to the DOM, React applications often rely on libraries for routing and other client-side functionality.[8][9]

### Basic usage

The following is a rudimentary example of using React for the web, written in JSX and JavaScript.

```js
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';

/** A pure component that displays a message */
const Greeting = () => {
  return (
    <div className="hello-world">
      <h1>Hello, world!</h1>
    </div>
  );
};

/** The main app component */
const App = () => {
  return <Greeting />;
};

/** React is rendered to a root element in the HTML page */
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(<App />);
```


React


Tailwind CSS is an open source CSS framework. The main feature of this library is that, unlike other CSS frameworks like Bootstrap, it does not provide a series of predefined classes for elements such as buttons or tables. Instead, it creates a list of "utility" CSS classes that can be used to style each element by mixing and matching.[4][5]

For example, in other traditional systems, there would be a class message-warning that would apply a yellow background color and bold text. To achieve this result in Tailwind, one would have to apply a set of classes created by the library: bg-yellow-300 and font-bold.

As of 30th July 2023, Tailwind CSS has over 70,000 stars on GitHub.[6]

### Features

Due to the difference in basic concepts in relation to other traditional CSS frameworks such as Bootstrap, it is important to know the philosophy from which Tailwind was created, as well as its basic usage.

#### Utility Classes

The utility-first concept refers to the main differentiating feature of Tailwind.[7] Instead of creating classes around components (button, panel, menu, textbox ...), classes are built around a specific style element (yellow color, bold font, very large text, center element...). Each of these classes is called utility classes.

There are many utility classes in Tailwind CSS that enable to control a large number of CSS properties like colors, border, display type (display), font size and font, layout, shadow...

#### Variants

Tailwind offers the possibility to apply a utility class only in some situations through media queries, which is called a variant. The main use of variants is to design a responsive interface for various screen sizes.[8] There are also variants for the different states an element can have, such as hover : for when hovered, focus: when keyboard selected or active: when in use,[9] or when the browser or operating system has dark mode enabled.[10]

Variants have two parts: the condition to be met and the class that is applied if the condition is met. For example, the variant md:bg-yellow-400 will apply the class bg-yellow-400 if the screen size is greater than the value defined for md.

Tailwind CSS is developed using JavaScript, runs via Node.js, and installs with environment package managers like npm or yarn.[11]

#### Settings and Themes

It is possible to configure the utility classes and variants that Tailwind offers through a configuration file usually named tailwind.config.js. In the configuration one can set the values of the utility classes, such as the color-palette or the sizes between elements for margins.

#### Build All and Purge

The default mode of Tailwind is that the system generates all possible CSS combinations based on the project settings. Then, by means of another utility such as PurgeCSS, all the files are traversed, and the classes that are not being used are removed from the resulting CSS file.

Due to the number of classes that can be generated by the number of variants and their combinations, this method has the drawbacks of long waiting times and large sizes of CSS files before being purged. This mode of operation is no longer available in version 3 of Tailwind CSS.[12]

#### JIT

JIT mode (Just-In-Time) is an alternative way to generate the CSS that, instead of generating all possible classes and then removing all those that are not being used, parses the content of HTML files (or configured extensions or locations) and instantly generates only those classes that are needed and used.

Because all possible variables are no longer generated, the waiting time and size of the resulting CSS files is greatly reduced.[citation needed] This technical improvement has made it possible to introduce numerous new variants and utility classes, as well as the ability to create utility classes on the fly with arbitrary values not set in the configuration.

Starting with version 3 of Tailwind CSS, JIT mode has become the default.[12]


Tailwind CSS


JavaScript (/ˈdʒɑːvəskrɪpt/), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2023, 98.7% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior,[10] often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.

JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard.[11] It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM).

The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O.

JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core components of some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime system for this usage is Node.js.

Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.

_Example_

```javascript
import fs from 'fs';
import path from 'path';
import matter from 'gray-matter';
import { Post } from '@/types';

const postDir = path.join(process.cwd(), 'posts');

export function getPostFiles(): string[] {
  return fs.readdirSync(postDir);
}

export function getPostData(postIdentifier: string): Post {
  const slug = postIdentifier.replace(/\.md$/, '');
  const filePath = path.join(postDir, `${slug}.md`);
  const fileContent = fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8');
  const { data, content } = matter(fileContent);

  const post = { slug, ...data, content } as Post;
  return post;
}
```

Learn more about it [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript).


JavaScript


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Malesuada bibendum arcu vitae elementum curabitur. Aliquet nec ullamcorper sit amet risus. Ut tristique et egestas quis ipsum suspendisse ultrices gravida. Eu tincidunt tortor aliquam nulla facilisi cras. Viverra orci sagittis eu volutpat odio. Integer feugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a. Nibh mauris cursus mattis molestie a iaculis at. Integer feugiat scelerisque varius morbi. Pellentesque id nibh tortor id aliquet lectus. Leo integer malesuada nunc vel risus commodo viverra. Urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices dui sapien. Risus in hendrerit gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci. In massa tempor nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id. Sed risus ultricies tristique nulla aliquet enim tortor at. Ridiculus mus mauris vitae ultricies leo integer malesuada. Faucibus turpis in eu mi bibendum neque egestas. Fusce id velit ut tortor pretium viverra suspendisse potenti. Vulputate mi sit amet mauris commodo quis imperdiet massa tincidunt.

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Morbi blandit cursus risus at ultrices mi tempus. Venenatis tellus in metus vulputate eu scelerisque felis imperdiet. Leo urna molestie at elementum. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes. Porta lorem mollis aliquam ut porttitor leo. Molestie at elementum eu facilisis sed. Dui accumsan sit amet nulla facilisi morbi tempus. Dui nunc mattis enim ut tellus elementum sagittis. Dui id ornare arcu odio ut sem. Nunc scelerisque viverra mauris in aliquam sem. Vel eros donec ac odio tempor orci dapibus ultrices. Massa ultricies mi quis hendrerit dolor magna eget.

Volutpat sed cras ornare arcu dui vivamus arcu felis. Etiam non quam lacus suspendisse faucibus interdum posuere. Adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium aenean pharetra. Mauris vitae ultricies leo integer malesuada nunc vel risus commodo. Mauris sit amet massa vitae tortor condimentum lacinia. Duis at consectetur lorem donec massa. At in tellus integer feugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc. Consectetur adipiscing elit ut aliquam purus sit amet luctus venenatis. Risus pretium quam vulputate dignissim. Dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui. Eget nunc scelerisque viverra mauris in aliquam. Ullamcorper sit amet risus nullam eget felis eget nunc. Ultricies mi quis hendrerit dolor. Faucibus turpis in eu mi bibendum neque egestas congue quisque. Libero volutpat sed cras ornare. Feugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque.


<Hero heading text>

<Hero subheading text>

Markdown Cheatsheet

Next.JS

React

Tailwind CSS

JavaScript

Example Post 1